A Plant cell is the structural and functional unit of a plant. Plant cells generally form several different colonies in order to become the higher functionally organism. Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ in several key aspects from the cell of other eukaryotic organisms. Their distinctive features include a large central vacuole, a water filled volume enclosed by a membrane known as the tonoplast that maintains the cells turgor, controls movement of molecules between the cytosol and sap, stores useful material and digest waste protein and organelles. A cell wall composed of cellulose and hemicellulose, pectin and in many cases lignin, is secreted by the protoplast on the outside of the cell membrane. this contrast with the cell wall of fungi, which are made up of chitin and are also made up of bacteria which are made up of peptidoglycan. Cell walls preform several different functions such as providing shape to form the tissues and organs of the plant, and play an important role in the intercellular communication and plant microbe interactions. Specialized cell to cell communication pathways known as plasmodesmata, pores into the primary cell wall through which the plasmalemma and the endoplasmic reticulum of different cells are continues.
Plant Cell's Organelles
Photosynthesis Equation:
6CO2+6H2O----------->C6H12O6+6O2
6CO2+6H2O----------->C6H12O6+6O2
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to "fuel" the organisms activities (energy transformation). This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugar, which are synthesized form carbon dioxide and water. In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and most cyanobacteria preform photosynthesis; these types of organisms can be called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintain the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Carbon Dioxide is converted into sugar by a process called carbon fixation. Carbon fixation is an endothermic redox reaction, so photosynthesis needs to supply both a source of energy to drive this process, and then electrons needed to convert carbon dioxide into a carbohydrate through a reduction reaction. The addition of electrons to a chemical species is called reduction. In general outline and in effect, photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration, in which glucose and other components are oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water, and to release chemical energy (an exothermic reaction) to drive the organism's metabolism. The 2 processes, reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate and the later oxidation of the carbohydrate, are distinct: photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place through a different sequence of chemical reactions and in different cellular compartments. The general equation for photosynthesis was first proposed by Cornelius Van Niel which is: 6CO2+6H2O----------->C6H12O6+6O2
(Carbon Dioxide+Electron Donor+Light Energy------->Carbohydrate+Oxygen+Water)
Photosynthesis occurs in 2 stages. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions or light reactions capture the energy of light and uses it to make the energy storage molecules ATP and NADPH. during the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to capture and reduce carbon dioxide.
(Carbon Dioxide+Electron Donor+Light Energy------->Carbohydrate+Oxygen+Water)
Photosynthesis occurs in 2 stages. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions or light reactions capture the energy of light and uses it to make the energy storage molecules ATP and NADPH. during the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to capture and reduce carbon dioxide.